X1100
FieldedComponent
Transmission family; do not assume a common configuration across every Abrams variant.
Link Confirmed
Ground vehicle · Land
Abrams
Army ground combat vehicle family included in GAO’s 2025 sustainment review. Its cited fleet maintenance trend compares fiscal 2015 with fiscal 2023 and is not a purchase price or variant-level cost.
by General Dynamics Land Systems
Ground vehicleLandMilestoneSep 25, 2025
- Milestones1
- Operators—
- Components1
- Programs—
- Capabilities—
- Inputs—
Photo: U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Klaus Baesu · Public domain (PD-USGov-Military-Army) · M1A1 shown as a representative of the Abrams family; the cost profile also covers M1A2 SEPv3.
Army ground combat vehicle family included in GAO’s 2025 sustainment review. Its cited fleet maintenance trend compares fiscal 2015 with fiscal 2023 and is not a purchase price or variant-level cost.
Timeline1
- MilestoneConfirmed
GAO reports Abrams maintenance costs rising
GAO reports a $181.3 million fleet-wide maintenance cost increase between FY2015 and FY2023, with per-vehicle maintenance costs nearly doubling. Availability was below the Army goal. The public summary does not provide an Abrams-specific readiness percentage or the dollar basis for this comparison; neither is inferred.
The latest 10 milestones. Solid entries are confirmed, outlined reported, dashed estimated or still to come; dotted italic entries are speculative. Dates show only the precision the sources give.
Cost to the Government
Tanks · General Dynamics Land Systems
M1 Abrams / M1A2 SEPv3
U.S. modernization prices and foreign support packages describe different purchases. Fleet maintenance figures span Abrams variants.
SEPv3 upgrade APUC
$15.989M
FY2025 request; March 2024 · Nominal budget USD
Army P-5 remarks: $15.989M for a 41-tank upgrade scope. Includes basic vehicle work, government-furnished equipment, refurbishment and total package fielding. The resource-summary gross unit cost uses a different scope and quantity. Not a new-build tank or export package price.
U.S. Army ↗Fielded U.S. Army vehicles
3,898
FY2023 · U.S. only
Abrams family across variants; not SEPv3-only inventory and not all stored hulls.
GAO ↗SEPv3 procurement objective
Not verified
Not established in this review; keep SEPv3 upgrades separate from M1E3 development.
Variant-specific R&D total
Not verified
No verified cumulative SEPv3 total. The reported $2.9B Army Science Board proposal is not an enacted M1E3 R&D total.
Operations & sustainment
Maintenance / vehicle / year
$98,870 / yr
FY2023 · Constant FY2023 USD
GAO reported value. Maintenance only, not fuel, crews or full O&S. Do not recompute by dividing the separately rounded fleet totals.
GAO ↗Fleet annual maintenance
$384.04M
FY2023 · Constant FY2023 USD
Consumable and repairable parts plus depot costs; not all operating costs.
GAO ↗Cost over time · 4 observations
Each row retains its original scope and dollar basis. Changing quantities, service life and inflation can change the estimate without changing the price of building one unit.
| Observation | Measure | Amount | Dollar basis | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FY2023 | SEPv3 upgrade APUC 90 upgrades: 44 SEPv2 and 46 M1A1 seed vehicles. | $10.657M | Nominal budget USD | U.S. Army ↗ |
| FY2024 | SEPv3 upgrade APUC 34 upgrades using M1A1 SA seed vehicles. | $16.999M | Nominal budget USD | U.S. Army ↗ |
| FY2025 request | SEPv3 upgrade APUC 41 upgrades using M1A1 SA seed vehicles in the P-5 remarks; not the 30-unit gross resource-summary denominator. | $15.989M | Nominal budget USD | U.S. Army ↗ |
| FY2015 → FY2023 | Increase in fleet maintenance Change, not a total. GAO says per-vehicle maintenance nearly doubled. | $181.3M | Constant FY2023 USD | GAO ↗ |
Contracts & purchasing · 2 records
Award values, ceilings and purchase agreements have different meanings. These records are not added together as total spending.
2020 · SEPv3 upgrade contract
U.S. Army → General Dynamics Land Systems
$4.6B · quantity not established
CRS describes a contract for upgrades expected through June 2028. No quantity denominator established here.
CRS ↗2022-04-05 · Signed purchase agreement
Poland → U.S. government / FMS
$4.75B · 250 units in scope
Net package value: 250 SEPv3 tanks, 26 M88A2 recovery vehicles, 17 M1074 bridges, ammunition, training and logistics. Not a standalone unit price.
Polish Ministry of National Defence ↗
International buyers
Poland · 250 · Signed agreement · 2022-04-05
M1A2 SEPv3 package; this is ordered quantity, not current deliveries.
Polish Ministry of National Defence ↗
Coverage & open research
- Cumulative variant R&D and a newer reconciled U.S. upgrade price remain open research items.
- International entries are selected examples; inventory is a dated GAO snapshot.
Unit costs and contract unit prices for this system, and budget figures for the programs that buy it. Each figure states its dollar basis and links its source; contract values are under Programs & awards.