Supply-chain input · Material
Mixed rare-earth concentrate
Mined and beneficiated or chemically cracked rare-earth material (mineral concentrate, mixed carbonate or MREC) that feeds separation plants.
Constraint
Why supply is constrained
Feedstock outside China comes mainly from Mountain Pass, Mt Weld, Myanmar and mineral sands (monazite). New separators such as Maglut and Ucore must secure third-party concentrate, often from early-stage projects.
Producers4
- China Northern Rare EarthProducesFirst-batch 2024 light rare-earth mining quota of 94,580 t (about 70% of the first-batch national quota by our arithmetic).
- China Rare Earth GroupProducesFirst-batch 2024 mining quota of 40,420 t.
- Lynas Rare EarthsProducesMt Weld mine and concentration plant
- MP MaterialsProducesMountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility
Capacity and global share as reported; shares from different years and sources may not add up. Bars compare producers on this page only.
Dependencies
Upstream · needs · 1
This input
Mixed rare-earth concentrate
Downstream · needed by · 1
Upstream: what this input is made from or processed with. Downstream: what is made from it.
Who needs it1
Technologies· 1
Organizations that consume it· 1
Supply deals2
| Supplier | Customer | For | Notes | Conf. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemours | Energy Fuels | — | Monazite concentrate from heavy mineral sand mines. | Confirmed |
| Ferro-Alloy Resources | Maglut Heavy Industries | — | Non-binding MoU for potential supply of up to 1,000 t/yr of mixed rare-earth concentrate from the Balasausqandiq vanadium project (Kazakhstan) for an initial five years from first production; pricing not agreed. Forward-looking. | Speculative |
Facilities3
| Facility | Owner | Kind | Location | Status | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mountain Pass Rare Earth Mine and Processing Facility | MP Materials | Mine | Mountain Pass, California, United States | Operating | Confirmed |
| Mt Weld mine and concentration plant | Lynas Rare Earths | Mine | Western Australia, Australia | Operating | Confirmed |
| White Mesa Mill | Energy Fuels | Refinery | Blanding, Utah, United States | Operating | Confirmed |
- MP MaterialsMine · Mountain Pass, California, United StatesOperatingConfirmed
- Lynas Rare EarthsMine · Western Australia, AustraliaOperatingConfirmed
Sources7
Profile2
- 1
International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Input
“In 2024, the share of the top three producers for mining stood at 86%, of which China alone accounted for 60% of global mined production.”
- 2
Lynas Rare Earths · Supports Input
“the rare earths concentrate moves through a cracking and leaching process to produce a Mixed Rare Earths Carbonate (or MREC)”
Supply chain5
- 3Regulatory filingReplacement: US Strategic RE Separation MoU
Ferro-Alloy Resources Limited (RNS) · Sep 23, 2026 · Supports Input, Supply relationship
“The Company would supply Maglut with up to 1,000 tonnes per annum of MREC as a by-product of vanadium processing from the Project.”
- 4Regulatory filingMP Materials Corp. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025
MP Materials Corp. (SEC) · Feb 26, 2026 · Supports Organization input
“grow its annual REO Production Volume to approximately 60,000 MTs”
- 5
Energy Fuels · Aug 26, 2025 · Supports Organization input, Supply relationship
“Energy Fuels currently sources monazite concentrates from heavy mineral sand mines owned by The Chemours Company”
- 6
Fastmarkets · Feb 7, 2024 · Supports Organization input
“China North Rare Earth Corp has been allocated a mining quota for light rare earth of 94,580 tonnes”
- 7CompanyLynas Rare Earths
Lynas Rare Earths · Supports Organization input
“Rare earth oxides are mined and initially processed at our Mt Weld Concentration Plant.”
Each fact on this page is attached to the sources that support it. Archived copies are linked when we keep one.