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Defdex

Supply-chain input · Manufacturing capacity

Rare-earth separation capacity

Solvent-extraction and other plants that separate mixed rare-earth concentrate into individual oxides.

CriticalManufacturing capacity

Constraint

Why supply is constrained

Critical

The top three countries held 97% of refined magnet rare-earth output in 2024; IEA projects 92% in 2030 even with announced projects. China banned export of rare-earth extraction and separation technology in December 2023 and widened technology controls in October 2025 (suspended to November 2026). New entrants (Ucore, ReElement, Maglut) are trying chromatography and other alternatives to solvent extraction.

Producers3

Capacity and global share as reported; shares from different years and sources may not add up. Bars compare producers on this page only.

Dependencies

Upstream: what this input is made from or processed with. Downstream: what is made from it.

Who needs it1

Facilities2

Trade controls2

News3

Sources10

Profile1

  1. 1

    Ferro-Alloy Resources Limited (RNS) · Sep 23, 2026 · Supports Input · input dependency:mixed-rare-earth-concentrate

    “The Company would supply Maglut with up to 1,000 tonnes per annum of MREC as a by-product of vanadium processing from the Project.”

Supply chain4

  1. 2

    Los Angeles Times · Aug 27, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “The company has validated its ARC-1 process at pilot scale, separating real-world feedstock into individual rare earth oxides at 99.9% purity and higher.”
  2. 3

    MINING.COM · Aug 26, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “While solvent extraction is the labor- and energy-intensive method historically used domestically and abroad, Maglut said its water-based process is designed to separate rare earth elements at a globally-competitive cost.”
  3. 4

    Ucore Rare Metals (Newsfile) · May 28, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “≈9,000 tpa of TREO”
  4. 5

    U.S. Department of War · Nov 21, 2025 · Supports Organization input

    “The OSC commitment includes two separate loans, one to Vulcan for $620 million and one to ReElement for $80 million.”

Trade controls5

  1. 6

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Nov 7, 2025 · Supports Trade control

    “经批准,自即日起至2026年11月10日,商务部、海关总署公告2025年第55号、56号、57号、58号,及商务部公告2025年第61号、62号暂停实施。”
  2. 7

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Oct 9, 2025 · Supports Trade control

    “本公告所称“磁材制造”技术,是指钐钴、钕铁硼、铈磁体制造技术。”
  3. 8

    International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Input, Trade control

    “share of the top three refining countries remaining high, falling only marginally from 97% today to 92% in 2030.”
  4. 9

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Dec 21, 2023 · Supports Trade control

    “3.钐钴、钕铁硼、铈磁体制备技术”
  5. 10

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Dec 21, 2023 · Supports Trade control

    “现公布《中国禁止出口限制出口技术目录》,自公布之日起实施”

Each fact on this page is attached to the sources that support it. Archived copies are linked when we keep one.