Skip to content
Defdex

Supply-chain input · Material

Dysprosium and terbium

Heavy rare earths added to NdFeB magnets to keep them magnetic at high temperature.

CriticalMaterialPart of Rare-earth elements
Producers
4
0 consumers tracked
Upstream
1
1 downstream
Needed by
1
1 technologies · 0 products
Trade controls
1
1 issuers
Sources
7
Cited on this page

Constraint

Why supply is constrained

Critical

Heavy rare-earth separation outside China was close to nil until Lynas produced dysprosium oxide in Malaysia in 2025. China's April 2025 controls (MOFCOM/GAC No. 18) require licences for Dy, Tb and five other medium and heavy rare earths and for Dy/Tb-containing NdFeB magnets, and that control was not part of the November 2025 suspension. MP Materials, Energy Fuels and Neo are building Dy/Tb circuits for 2026-2027.

Producers4

Capacity and global share as reported; shares from different years and sources may not add up. Bars compare producers on this page only.

Dependencies

Upstream · needs · 1

This input

Dysprosium and terbium

Critical

Downstream · needed by · 1

Upstream: what this input is made from or processed with. Downstream: what is made from it.

Who needs it1

Facilities4

Trade controls1

News2

Sources7

Profile1

  1. 1
    ResearchGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025

    International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Input

    “Besides dysprosium and terbium, which are used in neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets with applications in energy technologies”

Supply chain4

  1. 2
    CompanyCommercial-Scale 'Heavy' Rare Earth Plant Now Under Construction in Utah

    Energy Fuels · Jul 29, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “up to approximately 20 tpa of terbium (Tb), 120 tpa of dysprosium (Dy), 140 tpa of samarium (Sm), 20 tpa of europium (Eu), and 140 tpa of gadolinium (Gd) oxides”
  2. 3
    CompanyNeo Successfully Commissions Heavy Rare Earth Separation Small-Scale Production Line in Europe

    Neo Performance Materials · Apr 10, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “The operation has produced its first separated terbium and dysprosium process solutions, pre-cursor products for metal making”
  3. 4
    Regulatory filingMP Materials Corp. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025

    MP Materials Corp. (SEC) · Feb 26, 2026 · Supports Organization input

    “currently advancing the construction of the HREE Facility, with commissioning expected in 2026. Initially, the HREE Facility is expected to primarily produce terbium and dysprosium products”
  4. 5
    Regulatory filingLynas announces expanded Heavy Rare Earths separation facility in Malaysia

    Lynas Rare Earths (ASX) · Oct 29, 2025 · Supports Organization input

    “processing capacity to separate up to 5,000 tonnes per annum of HRE feedstock”

Trade controls2

  1. 6
    Government record商务部 海关总署公告2025年第18号 公布对部分中重稀土相关物项实施出口管制的决定

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Apr 4, 2025 · Supports Trade control

    “本公告自发布之日起正式实施。”
  2. 7
    Government recordMineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Rare Earths

    U.S. Geological Survey · Supports Input, Trade control

    “In April 2025, China tightened its export controls on rare-earth elements, adding specific controls on alloys, compounds, metals, and oxides of samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium, and yttrium.”

Each fact on this page is attached to the sources that support it. Archived copies are linked when we keep one.