Permanent-magnet manufacturing: Maturity, Builders & Inputs

Who builds it5

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Organizations working on this technology. Select a sortable column heading to sort.
				Conf.
Neo Performance MaterialsCA	Supplier	Supplier	Fielded	Reported
Noveon MagneticsUS	Supplier	Supplier	Fielded	Reported
MP MaterialsUS	Supplier	Supplier	Limited fielding	Confirmed
USA Rare EarthUS	Supplier	Supplier	Limited fielding	Reported
Vulcan ElementsUS	Startup	Supplier	Limited fielding	Reported

Placed by each organization's own maturity for this technology; TRL is self-reported or estimated, see confidence.

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Inputs this technology depends on. Select a sortable column heading to sort.
			Why it constrains
Dysprosium and terbium	Material	Critical	Heavy rare-earth separation outside China was close to nil until Lynas produced dysprosium oxide in Malaysia in 2025. China's April 2025 controls (MOFCOM/GAC No. 18) require licences for Dy, Tb and five other medium and heavy rare earths and for Dy/Tb-containing NdFeB magnets, and that control was not part of the November 2025 suspension. MP Materials, Energy Fuels and Neo are building Dy/Tb circuits for 2026-2027.
NdPr oxide	Material	Critical	Separated NdPr outside China comes mainly from Lynas (Malaysia), MP Materials (Mountain Pass) and smaller producers such as Energy Fuels and Neo's Silmet plant. China held 91% of refined magnet rare-earth output in 2024. In 2025 the DoD set a 10-year $110/kg NdPr price floor for MP Materials to make non-Chinese supply viable.
Rare-earth metal and alloy	Material	Critical	Metal-making is a thin link outside China: Less Common Metals (UK, now USA Rare Earth) is the main scaled ex-China producer, with MP Materials, Phoenix Tailings and others ramping up. China's 2023 technology export ban covers rare-earth metal and alloy production technology.

Criticality is how much a shortage would constrain production; open an input for producers, concentration and trade controls.

1
ResearchGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025
International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Technology
“its share in the production of these magnets has expanded massively to reach 94% and 80% respectively in 2024.”

2
CompanyUSA Rare Earth Achieves Major Operational and Strategic Milestone with Commissioning of Phase 1a
USA Rare Earth (GlobeNewswire) · Mar 26, 2026 · Supports Organization technology
“Phase 1a is expected to ramp to a run rate capacity of 600 mtpa by the end of Q4 2026”
3
Regulatory filingMP Materials Corp. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025
MP Materials Corp. (SEC) · Feb 26, 2026 · Supports Organization technology
“commenced the manufacturing of neodymium-iron-boron ("NdFeB") permanent magnets in December 2025”
4
CompanyNeo Performance Materials Opens State-of-the-Art Permanent Magnet Facility in Europe
Neo Performance Materials · Sep 22, 2025 · Supports Organization technology
“projected to produce 2,000 mt/year of magnets in its first phase (1A), with plans to scale to over 5,000 mt/year in Phase 1B”
5
NewsVulcan Elements wins Pentagon deals as $65M round fuels expansion
Defense News · Aug 25, 2025 · Supports Organization technology
“move beyond its current 10-metric-tonnes-producing pilot facility in Durham”
6
CompanyNidec & Noveon Magnetics Enter Off-Take Agreement for Rare Earth Magnets, Strengthening U.S. Supply Chain Resilience
Nidec Motor Corporation · Feb 3, 2025 · Supports Organization technology
“a 5-year, binding off-take agreement with the potential to supply more than 1,000 tons of total off-take of finished sintered NdFeB rare earth magnets”

Each fact on this page is attached to the sources that support it. Archived copies are linked when we keep one.