Supply-chain input · Material

Rare-earth metal and alloy

Reduced rare-earth metals (NdPr, Dy, Tb, Sm) and master alloys, the step between separated oxide and magnet.

CriticalMaterialPart of Rare-earth elements

1 technologies · 0 products

Trade controls

None recorded

Sources

Cited on this page

Constraint

Why supply is constrained

Critical

Metal-making is a thin link outside China: Less Common Metals (UK, now USA Rare Earth) is the main scaled ex-China producer, with MP Materials, Phoenix Tailings and others ramping up. China's 2023 technology export ban covers rare-earth metal and alloy production technology.

Producers3

Sort

Producers. Select a sortable column heading to sort.
				Conf.
Less Common Metals	Produces	—	2025-11	Confirmed
MP Materials	Produces	Independence magnet facility	2026-02	Confirmed
Phoenix Tailings	Produces	—	2026-06	Confirmed

Capacity and global share as reported; shares from different years and sources may not add up. Bars compare producers on this page only.

Dependencies

Upstream · needs · 1

NdPr oxideCritical

This input

Rare-earth metal and alloy

Critical

Downstream · needed by · 1

NdFeB permanent magnetsCriticalOxide is reduced to NdPr metal and alloyed before magnet sintering.

Upstream: what this input is made from or processed with. Downstream: what is made from it.

Who needs it1

Technologies· 1

Permanent-magnet manufacturingFielded

Supply deals1

Supplier to customer relationships
Supplier	Customer	For	Notes	Conf.
MP Materials	General Motors	—	—	Confirmed

Facilities1

Facilities
Facility	Owner	Kind	Location	Status	Confidence
Independence magnet facility	MP Materials	Factory	Fort Worth, Texas, United States	Operating	Confirmed

Independence magnet facility
MP Materials
Factory · Fort Worth, Texas, United States
Operating
Confirmed

News1

Jun 3, 2026Government recordUSA Rare Earth, U.S. Department of CommerceDepartment of Commerce's CHIPS Program Finalizes Definitive Agreement With USA Rare Earth For Up To $1.6 BillionNational Institute of Standards and Technology

Jun 3, 2026Government record (high significance)National Institute of Standards and TechnologyDepartment of Commerce's CHIPS Program Finalizes Definitive Agreement With USA Rare Earth For Up To $1.6 Billion

Sources4

Profile1

1
ResearchGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025
International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Input
“These proposed export controls follow China’s December 2023 export ban on rare earth extraction and separation technologies.”

Supply chain3

2
Government recordOffice of Strategic Capital Signs $500 Million Conditional Loan Commitment With Phoenix Tailings
U.S. Department of War · Jun 16, 2026 · Supports Organization input
“The company currently operates two metallization facilities located in Burlington, Massachusetts, and Exeter, New Hampshire.”
3
Regulatory filingMP Materials Corp. Form 10-K for fiscal year 2025
MP Materials Corp. (SEC) · Feb 26, 2026 · Supports Organization input, Supply relationship
“we collected all required prepayments for the sale of magnetic precursor products (i.e., NdPr metal) totaling $150.0 million”
4
CompanyUSA Rare Earth Closes Acquisition of Less Common Metals
USA Rare Earth (GlobeNewswire) · Nov 18, 2025 · Supports Input, Organization input
“LCM is the leading scaled ex-China rare earth metal and alloy manufacturer, with established leadership in Samarium, Samarium Cobalt and Neodymium Praseodymium metals and alloys.”

Each fact on this page is attached to the sources that support it. Archived copies are linked when we keep one.