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Defdex

Supply-chain input · Material

Rare-earth elements

The 17 lanthanide-group and related elements; light rare earths (Nd, Pr) and heavy rare earths (Dy, Tb) are used in permanent magnets.

CriticalMaterial
Producers
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0 consumers tracked
Upstream
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1 downstream
Needed by
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0 technologies · 0 products
Trade controls
1
1 issuers
Sources
5
Cited on this page

Constraint

Why supply is constrained

Critical

China mined about 60% of magnet rare earths in 2024 (45% of all rare-earth mine output came from Bayan Obo alone) and refined 91% of them (IEA). USGS puts China's 2025 mine quota at 270,000 t REO out of a 390,000 t world total. Mining is less of a bottleneck than separation, metal-making and magnets, where China's lead is larger.

Includes Dysprosium and terbium, Mixed rare-earth concentrate, NdPr oxide, Rare-earth metal and alloy

Dependencies

Upstream · needs · 0

No upstream inputs recorded.

This input

Rare-earth elements

Critical

Downstream · needed by · 1

Upstream: what this input is made from or processed with. Downstream: what is made from it.

Supply deals1

Supplier to customer relationships
SupplierCustomerForNotesConf.
Lynas Rare EarthsNoveon Magnetics—MoU covering light and heavy rare-earth materials.Reported

Trade controls1

News1

Sources5

Profile2

  1. 1
    ResearchGlobal Critical Minerals Outlook 2025

    International Energy Agency · May 21, 2025 · Supports Input

    “In 2024, the share of the top three producers for mining stood at 86%, of which China alone accounted for 60% of global mined production.”
  2. 2
    Government recordMineral Commodity Summaries 2026: Rare Earths

    U.S. Geological Survey · Supports Input

    “In April 2025, China tightened its export controls on rare-earth elements”

Supply chain1

  1. 3
    NewsAustralia's Lynas partners with Noveon to supply rare earth magnets in US

    Reuters · Oct 8, 2025 · Supports Supply relationship

    “The deal includes provision of both light and heavy rare earth materials and the production and supply of finished magnets to end-users across defense, automotive and industrial sectors.”

Trade controls2

  1. 4
    Government record商务部、海关总署公告2025年第70号

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Nov 7, 2025 · Supports Trade control

    “经批准，自即日起至2026年11月10日，商务部、海关总署公告2025年第55号、56号、57号、58号，及商务部公告2025年第61号、62号暂停实施。”
  2. 5
    Government record商务部 海关总署公告2025年第57号

    Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China · Oct 9, 2025 · Supports Trade control

    “本公告自2025年11月8日起正式实施。”

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